Chapter: On Love and Enmity for the Sake of Allah

باب فی الحب فی اللہ والبغض فی اللہ — اللہ کیلئے محبت اور اللہ کیلئے نفرت

بَابٌ فِي الْحُبِّ فِي اللّٰهِ وَالْبُغْضِ فِي اللّٰهِ — On loving for Allah's sake and hating (bughḍ, aversion) for Allah's sake

قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى: مُحَمَّدٌ رَّسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ وَالَّذِيْنَ مَعَهٗٓ أَشِدَّآءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ رُحَمَآءُ بَيْنَهُمْ.

(al-Fatḥ 48:29)

Vocabulary: Muḥammadun rasūlu Allāh — Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah; wa-lladhīna maʿahū — and those people who are with him, who have been trained by him, who are distinguished by the grace (fayḍ) of his companionship; ashiddāʾu ʿalā al-kuffār — very hard where the unbelievers are concerned; ruḥamāʾu baynahum — kind to one another.

Translation: And Allah Most High says: Muḥammad ﷺ is the Messenger of Allah, and those who are with him (who remain in his companionship) are very severe and hard against the unbelievers; among themselves they deal with one another with mercy (they are merciful and kind).

قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى: فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللّٰهُ هُوَ الَّذِيْٓ أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهٖ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ ۝ وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوْبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيْعًا مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوْبِهِمْ وَلٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهٗ عَزِيْزٌ حَكِيْمٌ.

(al-Anfāl 8:62–63)

Vocabulary: wa-allafa bayna qulūbihim — and He put affection and love into their hearts; law anfaqta — if you had spent, had expended; mā fī al-arḍi jamīʿan — all that is in the earth, all the things of the whole world; mā allafta bayna qulūbihim — then you could not have created affection in their hearts; wa-lākinna Allāha allafa baynahum — but Allah put affection into their hearts, created unity among them; innahū ʿazīzun ḥakīm — surely He is Mighty and Wise.

Translation: Allah Most High says: And He put affection and love into their hearts. If you (desiring to create unity and affection in the hearts of the Muslims) had spent all the things of the whole world, even then you could not have created affection in their hearts. But it is Allah who has created unity and affection among them; surely He is the Mighty, the Wise (overpowering, all-knowing).

عَنْ أَبِيْ أُمَامَةَ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ لِلّٰهِ وَأَبْغَضَ لِلّٰهِ وَأَعْطٰى لِلّٰهِ وَمَنَعَ لِلّٰهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَكْمَلَ الْإِيْمَانَ.

(Reported by Abū Dāwūd; and reported by al-Tirmidhī.)

Vocabulary: aḥabba — he wished [well], loved; abghaḍa — he disliked; istakmala — he perfected, made complete.

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Abū Umāma (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet ﷺ said: Whoever loved for Allah's sake, and hated for Allah's sake, and gave for Allah's sake, and withheld for Allah's sake, has surely perfected his faith.

عَنْ مُعَاذٍ وَأَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُمَا مَعَ تَقْدِيْمٍ وَتَأْخِيْرٍ وَفِيْهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَكْمَلَ إِيْمَانَهٗ.

Ḥaḍrat Muʿādh and Anas (may Allah be pleased with them) also narrate it like the above, with [some words] placed earlier and later, [and in it is:] he has perfected his

faith.

أَوْثَقُ عُرَى الْإِيْمَانِ الْمُوَالَاةُ فِي اللّٰهِ وَالْمُعَادَاةُ فِي اللّٰهِ وَالْحُبُّ فِي اللّٰهِ وَالْبُغْضُ فِي اللّٰهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.

(al-Ṭabarānī from Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them).)

Vocabulary: awthaqu ʿurā — the strongest handhold; al-muwālāt — befriending; al-muʿādāt — showing enmity.

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them) narrates: The strongest handhold of faith is to befriend for Allah's sake and to show enmity for Allah's sake, and to love for Allah's sake and to hate for Allah's sake — Him who is the Possessor of might and majesty.

أَكْثِرُوْا مِنَ الْمَعَارِفِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ فَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ شَفَاعَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيٰمَةِ.

(al-Ḥākim in his Tārīkh, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) — Kanz al-ʿUmmāl.)

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Make much acquaintance among the believers, for every believer has (the right of) one intercession on the Day of Resurrection. (Kanz al-ʿUmmāl)

عَنْ أَبِيْ هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَقُوْلُ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰمَةِ أَيْنَ الْمُتَحَابُّوْنَ لِجَلَالِيْ الْيَوْمَ أُظِلُّهُمْ فِيْ ظِلِّيْ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلِّيْ.

(Reported by Muslim; Mishkāt.)

Vocabulary: al-mutaḥābbūn — those who love [one another]; uẓilluhum — I shall keep them in shade.

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Abū Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet ﷺ said that on the Day of Resurrection Allah Most High will say: Where are those who love [one another] for the sake of My grandeur and majesty? Today I shall give them place in My shade. Today is the day when there is no shade except My shade.

وَعَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا زَارَ أَخًا لَهٗ فِيْ قَرْيَةٍ أُخْرٰى فَأَرْصَدَ اللّٰهُ لَهٗ عَلٰى مَدْرَجَتِهٖ مَلَكًا قَالَ أَيْنَ تُرِيْدُ قَالَ أَخًا لِيْ فِيْ هٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ قَالَ هَلْ لَكَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تَرُبُّهَا قَالَ لَا غَيْرَ أَنِّيْ أَحْبَبْتُهٗ فِي اللّٰهِ قَالَ فَإِنِّيْ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ إِلَيْكَ بِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ قَدْ أَحَبَّكَ كَمَا أَحْبَبْتَهٗ فِيْهِ.

(Reported by Muslim; Mishkāt.)

Vocabulary: zāra — he went to meet, visited; annī aḥbabtuhū — that I love him.

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Abū Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him) related that it is narrated from the Prophet ﷺ: A man went to another settlement to meet a brother of his. So Allah Most High appointed an angel for him on his way. That angel said: Where do you intend [to go]? The man said: In this settlement there is a brother of mine. He said: Have you done him some favour (iḥsān) whose increase you seek? He said: No, except that I love him for Allah's sake. The angel said: I am sent to you from Allah [to tell you] that Allah has made you His beloved, just as you loved that man for His sake.

عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُوْدٍ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُوْلَ اللّٰهِ كَيْفَ

تَقُوْلُ فِيْ رَجُلٍ أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا وَلَمْ يَلْحَقْ بِهِمْ فَقَالَ الْمَرْءُ مَعَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ.

(Agreed upon — al-Bukhārī and Muslim; Mishkāt.)

Vocabulary: aḥabba qawman — he loved [some] people; lam yalḥaq bihim — he did not join them, did not reach their rank.

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: He said that a man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about the person who loved some people but did not become equal to them (did not reach their rank)? So he said: A man will be with the one whom he loves.

عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ يَا رَسُوْلَ اللّٰهِ! مَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ وَيْلَكَ وَمَا أَعْدَدْتَ لَهَا قَالَ مَا أَعْدَدْتُ لَهَا إِلَّا أَنِّيْ أُحِبُّ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُوْلَهٗ قَالَ أَنْتَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ قَالَ أَنَسٌ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ الْمُسْلِمِيْنَ فَرِحُوْا بِشَيْءٍ بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَرَحَهُمْ بِهَا.

(Agreed upon — al-Bukhārī and Muslim; Mishkāt.)

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man said: O Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour (of Resurrection)? He said: Alas for you! What have you prepared for it? He submitted: I have not made any preparation for it, except that I love Allah and His Messenger. He said: You are with the one whom you love. Ḥaḍrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I did not see the Muslims rejoice at anything after Islam as they rejoiced at this (at these words of the Ḥaḍrat ﷺ).

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِيْ ذَرٍّ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ! أَيُّ عُرَى الْإِيْمَانِ أَوْثَقُ؟ قَالَ اللّٰهُ وَرَسُوْلُهٗ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الْمُوَالَاةُ فِي اللّٰهِ وَالْبُغْضُ فِي اللّٰهِ.

(Reported by al-Bayhaqī in Shuʿab al-Īmān; Mishkāt.)

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet ﷺ said to Abū Dharr: O Abū Dharr, tell me, which branch (handhold) of faith is the strongest? He submitted: Allah and Allah's Messenger know best. He said: To keep friendship for Allah's sake and to hate for Allah's sake.

عَنْ أَبِيْ ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَتَدْرُوْنَ أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللّٰهِ تَعَالٰى؟ قَالَ قَائِلٌ الصَّلٰوةُ وَالزَّكٰوةُ، وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ الْجِهَادُ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللّٰهِ تَعَالٰى الْحُبُّ فِي اللّٰهِ وَالْبُغْضُ فِي اللّٰهِ.

(Reported by Abū Dāwūd — the last section (al-Faṣl al-Akhīr) — Mishkāt.) [The print reads "راوى ابوداؤد", evidently for "رواه ابوداؤد".]

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Abū Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to us and said: Do you know which of all deeds is most beloved to Allah? One speaker said ṣalāh and zakāh, and one said jihād. The Prophet ﷺ said: The most beloved of all deeds in Allah's sight is to love for Allah's sake and to show enmity for Allah's sake.

عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُوْلُ قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى وَجَبَتْ مَحَبَّتِيْ لِلْمُتَحَابِّيْنَ فِيَّ وَالْمُتَجَالِسِيْنَ فِيَّ وَالْمُتَزَاوِرِيْنَ فِيَّ وَالْمُتَبَاذِلِيْنَ فِيَّ. (رواه مالك وفي رواية

الترمذي) قَالَ يَقُوْلُ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى الْمُتَحَابُّوْنَ فِيْ جَلَالِيْ لَهُمْ مَنَابِرُ مِنْ نُوْرٍ يَغْبِطُهُمُ النَّبِيُّوْنَ وَالشُّهَدَاءُ.

(Reported by Mālik; and in the narration of al-Tirmidhī: …)

مَنْ أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا حَشَرَ اللّٰهُ فِيْ زُمْرَتِهِمْ. [reading uncertain]

(al-Ṭabarānī and al-Ḍiyāʾ from Abū Qirṣāfa — Kanz al-ʿUmmāl.)

مَنْ تَشَبَّهَ بِقَوْمٍ فَهُوَ مِنْهُمْ.

(Abū Dāwūd from Ibn ʿUmar; al-Ṭabarānī in al-Awsaṭ from Ḥudhayfa — Kanz al-ʿUmmāl.)

Vocabulary: lil-mutaḥābbīna fiyya — those who love [one another] for My sake; wa-l-mutajālisīna — and those who sit together for My sake, who hold gatherings; wa-l-mutazāwirīna fiyya — those who meet one another for My sake; wa-l-mutabādhilīna fiyya — those who spend on one another for My sake; zumra — group, company.

Translation: Ḥaḍrat Muʿādh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying that Allah Most High has said: My love has become binding (wājib) for those people who love [one another] for My sake, and who establish gatherings for My sake, and who meet one another for My sake, and who spend for My sake. And in the narration of al-Tirmidhī: Allah Most High says that for those who love [one another] because of My majesty there will be pulpits of light; the prophets and martyrs will envy them. Whoever loved a people, Allah will raise him in the company of those very people. Whoever deliberately (with effort) adopted the likeness of a people, he is one of them. (Kanz al-ʿUmmāl)