Chapter Six: Making Up Missed Prayers

باب قَضَاءَ الفَوَائِت

بَابُ قَضَاءِ الْفَوَائِتِ — Chapter on Making Up Missed Prayers

(This chapter is about making up (qaḍāʾ) prayers that have been missed.)

عَنْ اَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمَ " مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلٰوةً فَلْيُصَلِّهَا اِذَا ذَكَرَهَا " ۔

(Reported by al-Tirmidhī.)

Vocabulary: nasiya — forgot; dhakarahā — it came to mind [he remembered it].

Translation: From Ḥaḍrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) [it is reported]; he said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever forgets some prayer, let him pray it when it comes to mind." (Al-Tirmidhī has reported it.)

☆ وقال في البدائع ولو فتح على المصلي انسان فهذا على وجهين ۔ اما ان كان الفاتح وهو المقتدى به اوغيره ۔ فان كان غيره فسدت صلوة المصلي ۔ سواء كان الفاتح خارج الصلوة او في صلوة اخرى غير صلوة المصلي ۔ وفسدت صلوة الفاتح ايضا ان كان هو في الصلوة ۔ لان ذلك تعليم و تعلم ۔ وكذا المصلي اذا فتح على غير المصلي فسدت صلوته ۔ و ان كان الفاتح هو المقتدى به ۔ فالقياس هو فساد الصلوة الا انا استحسنا الجواز للاحاديث ۔

Translation: And in "al-Badāʾiʿ" it says that if some person gave a prompt (luqma) to one who is praying, there can be two cases of this: either the one giving the prompt will be a follower (muqtadī) of that praying person, or not a follower. If he is not a follower, then the prayer of the "muṣallī" [the one praying] (if he takes the prompt) becomes void, and the prayer of the one who gave the prompt, the "fātiḥ", also becomes void if he too is in prayer — because this action is teaching and learning (an action outside the prayer [ghayr ʿamal-i ṣalāh] voids the prayer). And likewise, if the muṣallī, i.e. the one praying, gives a prompt to someone not praying, his prayer becomes void. And if the one giving the prompt is his own follower, then reasoning (qiyās) suggests that this too is invalidation of the prayer; but, on the basis of the hadiths, we regard its permissibility as preferable (istiḥsān).

عَنْ اَبِيْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللّٰهِ بْنِ مَسْعُوْدٍ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللّٰهِ اِنَّ الْمُشْرِكِيْنَ شَغَلُوْا رَسُوْلَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمَ عَنْ اَرْبَعِ صَلَوٰتٍ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ حَتّٰى ذَهَبَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مَا شَاءَ اللّٰهُ فَاَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَاَذَّنَ ثُمَّ اَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ اَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ ثُمَّ اَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ ثُمَّ اَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ ۔

(Reported by al-Tirmidhī.)

Vocabulary: shaghalū — they kept [him] occupied; yawma'l-khandaq — on the day of the Battle of the Trench (Ghazwat al-Khandaq).

Translation: From Ḥaḍrat Abū ʿUbayda ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with them both) [it is reported]; he said that ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The idolaters (mushrikūn) kept the Messenger of Allah ﷺ occupied away from four prayers on the day of the Battle of the Trench (they did not give him respite to pray), until as much of the night had passed as Allah willed. Then he ordered Bilāl (may Allah be pleased with him), and he gave the adhān; then he gave the iqāma (the call to stand for prayer) and he prayed the ẓuhr prayer; then he gave the iqāma and he prayed ʿaṣr; then he gave the iqāma and he prayed maghrib; then he gave the iqāma and he prayed ʿishāʾ. (Al-Tirmidhī has reported it.)

وَعَنْ اَبِيْ هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ ۔ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمَ ۔ " مَنْ لَّمْ يُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ فَلْيُصَلِّهِمَا بَعْدَ مَا تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ " ۔

(Reported by al-Tirmidhī, and its chain is sound.)

Vocabulary: rakʿatay al-fajr — the two rakʿas (sunna) of fajr; taṭluʿu'l-shams — the sun rises.

Translation: From Ḥaḍrat Abū Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him) [it is reported]; he said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever has not prayed the two (sunna) rakʿas of fajr, let him pray them after the sun has risen."

(Al-Tirmidhī has reported it, and its chain is sound.)