Bab La Yajib ala Allah Shay
Nothing is Obligatory upon Allah
He maintains, keeps established, He enforces."
عَنْ اَنَسٍ : قَالَ كَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُكْثِرُ اَنْ يَّقُوْلَ - " يَا مُقَلِّبَ الْقُلُوْبِ ! ثَبِّتْ قَلْبِيْ عَلٰى دِيْنِكَ " ـ فَقُلْتُ " يَا نَبِيَّ اللّٰهِ اٰمَنَّابِكَ وَبِمَا جِئْتَ بِهِ فَهَلْ تَخَافُ عَلَيْنَا " ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ الْقُلُوْبَ بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْنِ مِنْ أَصَابِعِ اللّٰهِ يُقَلِّبُهَا كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ "- (رواه الترمذى و ابن ماجة - مشكوة)
**Vocabulary:** كَانَ يُكْثِرُ: Used to do frequently. مُقَلِّبُ: The one who turns, alters, turns over. قَلْبُ: Heart, since the heart is always turning over, that is why it is named Qalb. ثَبِّتْ: Make firm (sigha amr/imperative). عَلٰى دِيْنِكَ: Upon Your religion. فَهَلْ تَخَافُ عَلَيْنَا: Do you fear for us? إِصْبَعٌ: Finger. أَصَابِعُ: (Plural of it) fingers. كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ: However He wills.
Translation: - Hazrat Anas bin Malik (RA) narrates, he said that the Noble Prophet ﷺ mostly used to pray that, "O Turner of hearts (God)! Keep my heart firm upon Your religion." Then I presented that, O Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) we have brought Iman upon you and upon this religion and Qur'an which you have brought. So do you have fear concerning us? Hazrat ﷺ said, "Yes! Undoubtedly, the heart is between two fingers of Allah. However He wishes, He alters it, turns it over." (The narrators of this hadith are Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah and it is also in Mishkat)
بَابٌ : فِىْ اَنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا يَجِبُ عَلَى اللّٰهِ شَيْءٌ بَلِ الْكُلُّ بِفَضْلِهِ وَ مَشِيْئَتِهِ
قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى : وَرَبُّكَ يَخْلُقُ مَايَشَاءُ وَيَخْتَارُ - مَاكَانَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ - (آيت ٦٨ ـ القصص) Translation: - Allah the Almighty says, "And your Lord creates whatever He wishes and He gives whatever command He wishes, He is autonomous in all His actions. Those people have no right to propose or advise in the commands of Allah the Almighty." - (فَلِلّٰهِ الْحُجَّةُ الْبَالِغَةُ - Say that the conclusive argument belongs to Allah, the divine decree is by the grace of Allah. Whatever He did, He did good and appropriate. His word is final).
وَقَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى : لَا يُسْاَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْئَلُوْنَ - (آيت ٢٣ ـ الانبياء) Translation: - And this is also the decree of Allah the Almighty that, "He cannot be questioned about whatever He does regarding ---
and they are questioned." - (Those people are accountable to Allah. They will have to answer for every action).
وَقَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى : لَوْشَاءَ اللّٰهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ اُمَّةً وَّاحِدَةً وَّلٰكِنْ يُّضِلُّ مَنْ يَّشَاءُ وَيَهْدِيْ مَنْ يَّشَاءُ ؕ وَلَتُسْـَٔلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ - (آيت ٩٣ - النحل) Translation: - And this is also the decree of Allah the Almighty that, "If God willed, He would have made you all into one single group, walking on one single path, but He misguides whomever He wills and puts whomever He wills on the straight path. And certainly you will be questioned about all those deeds which you have done."
وَقَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى : اِنَّ الْفَضْلَ بِيَدِ اللّٰهِ يُؤْتِيْهِ مَنْ يَّشَاءُ - (آيت ٧٣ - ال عمران) Translation: - And Allah the Almighty also says like this, "Undoubtedly grace is in the control of God, He bestows it upon whomever He wishes." (With these exact words, it is also Ayat number 29 in the fourth ruku of Surah Al-Hadid. The only difference is that instead of 'Inna', 'Anna' is there).
وَقَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى : قُلِ اللّٰهُمَّ مٰلِكَ الْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِى الْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتَنْزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشَاءُ ۖ وَتُعِزُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ - (آيت ٢٦ - آل عمران) Translation: - And Allah the Almighty has also said this, "O Prophet! You say from Allah thus, 'O Allah! Master of all dominion! You grant dominion to whomever You wish and snatch it away from whomever You wish, and grant honor to whomever You wish and abase (disgrace) whomever You wish.'"
وَقَالَ تَعَالٰى : كَلِمَةُ اللّٰهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا - (آيت ٤٠ - التوبة) Translation: - And this too is the divine decree that, "The word of Allah alone reigned supreme - Only Allah's command remained."
وَقَالَ تَعَالٰى : قُلْ لِّمَنْ مَّا فِى السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضِ ؕ قُلْ لِّلّٰهِ ؕ كَتَبَ عَلٰى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ - (آيت ١٢ - الانعام)
Translation: - And this is also the command of Allah the Almighty, "O Prophet! You ask, whatever is in the heavens and the earth, whose property is all this? You say, 'It is all the property of Allah. Allah the Almighty has made it obligatory upon Himself to show mercy.'"
وَقَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى : وَاِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِيْنَ يُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِاٰيٰتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلٰمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلٰى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ - (آيت ٥٤ - الانعام) Translation: - And this is also the divine decree, O Prophet! When those people come to you who ---
bring Iman on Our signs, then just say to them that peace be upon you, your Lord has made it obligatory upon Himself to show mercy.
وَقَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى : وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ - (آيت ٤٧ - الروم) Translation: - And this divine decree is also there that to make the people of Iman victorious over others is obligatory upon Us - Assisting the believers is Our duty.
وَعَنْ اَبِيْ هُرَيْرَةَ ۛ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَنْ يُّنْجِىَ أَحَدًا مِّنْكُمْ عَمَلُهُ قَالُوْا وَلَا أَنْتَ يَا رَسُوْلَ اللّٰهِ ! قَالَ وَلَا اَنَا ، إِلَّا اَنْ يَتَغَمَّدَنِىَ اللّٰهُ بِرَحْمَتِهِ - فَسَدِّدُوْا وَقَارِبُوْا وَاغْدُوْا وَرُوْحُوْا وَشَيْءٌ مِّنَ الدُّلْجَةِ وَالْقَصْدَ وَالْقَصْدَ تَبْلُغُوْا - (متفق عليه ـ مشكوة)
**Vocabulary:** لَنْ يُّنْجِىَ: Will never give salvation. اِلَّا اَنْ يَتَغَمَّدَنِىَ اللّٰهُ: Except that Allah covers me. فَسَدِّدُوْا: So remain straight. اِغْدُوْا: Worship in the morning. رُوْحُوْا: Worship in the night. دُلْجَةٌ: Darkness, the last part of the night. قَصْدَ: Intention, straightforwardness, moderation. تَبْلُغُوْا: You will reach the destination.
Translation: - Hazrat Abu Hurairah (RA) narrates, he said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that, "No one's deeds among you will give him salvation." People presented, "O Messenger of Allah! Not even you?" He said, "Not even me. Except that Allah the Almighty covers me in His mercy. So remain straight (keep a good intention) and remain close to the truth and worship a little in the morning and a little in the evening and a little in the last part of the night. Adopt moderation and temperance. You will reach your destination." (Both Muslim and Bukhari have recorded this hadith, both agree on this and it is also in Mishkat)
عَنْ جَابِرٍ ۛ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَايُدْخِلُ اَحَدًا مِّنْكُمْ عَمَلُهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُجِيْرُهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَلَا اَنَا اِلَّا بِرَحْمَةِ اللّٰهِ - (رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ)
**Vocabulary:** يُجِيْرُ: Will give salvation, will save.
Translation: - Hazrat Jabir (RA) narrates that he said, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The deeds of any one of you will not enter him into Paradise and neither will it save him from Hell and not even me. Except by the mercy of Allah." (Muslim narrated this hadith)
لَوْ اَنَّ اللّٰهَ عَذَّبَ اَهْلَ سَمٰوَتِهِ وَاَهْلَ اَرْضِهِ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ ظَالِمٍ لَّهُمْ - وَلَوْرَحِمَهُمْ لَكَانَتْ رَحْمَتُهُ لَهُمْ خَيْرًا مِّنْ اَعْمَالِهِمْ - وَلَوْ اَنْفَقْتَ مِثْلَ اُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فِىْ سَبِيْلِ اللّٰهِ مَا قَبِلَهُ مِنْكَ حَتّٰى تُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ - فَتَعْلَمَ اَنَّ مَا اَصَابَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِّيُخْطِئَكَ وَمَا اَخْطَاَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِّيُصِيْبَكَ وَلَوْ مِتَّ عَلٰى غَيْرِ هٰذَا لَدَخَلْتَ النَّارَ - (ط حم عن زيد) (حم وعبد بن حميد ت ع حب طب ض هب عن ابي كعب وزيد بن ثابت و حذيفة و ابن مسعود)
**Vocabulary:** عَذَّبَ: He punishes. اَنْفَقْتَ: You spend. مِلْأَ: Filled with, weight, weight. ذَهَبًا: Gold. اَصَابَ: Reached. لَوْ مِتَّ: If you die. عَلٰى غَيْرِ هٰذَا: Deviating from this.
ط: Hazrat Abu Dawud at-Tayalisi. حم: Imam Ahmad Hanbal has compiled this hadith in his book "Musnad". And his son Abdullah has recorded it in "Zawa'id". ت: Tirmidhi Sharif. ع: Abu Ya'la Muhaddith. طب: Tabarani has written it in Mu'jam al-Kabir. ض: Diya al-Maqdisi is meant. حب: Bayhaqi has recorded it in Shu'ab al-Iman. This hadith is present in the aforementioned books and its narrators are Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit, Ubayy bin Ka'b, Hudhaifah, and Abdullah bin Mas'ud Ridwanullahi Ta'ala Alaihim Ajma'in.
Translation: - If Allah the Almighty were to punish the dwellers of His heavens and earth, He would not be considered a tyrant (unjust). And if He has mercy, His mercy is better in their favor than their deeds. And if you spend gold equal to the weight of Mount Uhud in the path of Allah, Allah the Almighty will not accept it until you bring Iman on destiny. Thus know that whatever calamity has reached you (befallen), it will never miss (it will inevitably come) and whatever did not reach you, it will never reach you. And if you die upon any belief other than this, you will surely go to Hell.
O people! Allah the Almighty creates all things knowingly. It is never the case that He knows after creating. Meaning the stage of Knowledge is prior to Power. Therefore God creates knowingly. Not all things of the world have been created yet. Many things are yet to come and be created. The attributes of Allah are of various kinds. For example, Khaliq is the attribute of creating. Rabb meaning the Sustainer - this is the attribute of nourishing. Similarly, Mumit - the attribute of causing death. And Muhyi is of giving life. All these divine names desire to cast their effect on the creations, to bestow their grace upon them. The name of Allah, Al-Hakim, establishes a mutual connection and sequence. For example, He creates the grandfather first, then the son, then the grandson. This sequence is what is called destiny.
O people! Just ponder. Whenever you want to do any work, you make an outline for it. If someone wants to hold a gathering, they prepare its system of action, a program. Has any gathering been held without a system of action? If it happened, there would be an uproar, disorder, irregularity. Instead of recitation, a speech; after thanks, incitements. In short, that gathering would fail. Doing so without a program is stupidity, a sign of ignorance. Thus it became known that this entire administration of the world is happening according to a program, and this itself is called destiny, "Mashi'at-e-Ilahi" (Divine Will).
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لِيُصِيْبَکَ وَلَوْ مِتَّ عَلَى غَيْرِ هٰذَا لَدَخَلْتَ النَّارَ -
(ط حم عن زيد) (حم وعبد بن حمید ت ع حب طب ض هب عن ابی كعب وزيد بن ثابت و حذيفة و ابن مسعود)
*Lughat:** عَذَّبَ: *He punishes.* أَنْفَقْتَ: *You spend.* مِلًا: *Full, equal in weight, load.* ذَهَبًا: *Gold.* أَصَابَ: *Reached.* لَوْ مِتَّ: *If you die.* عَلَى غَيْرِ هٰذَا: *Apart from this / other than this.
ط: *Hazrat Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi.* حم: *Imam Ahmad Hanbal (RH) has compiled this hadith in his book "Musnad". And his son Abdullah has recorded it in "Zawaid".* ت: *Tirmidhi Sharif.* ع: *Abu Ya'la Muhaddith.* طب: *Tabarani has written it in Mu'jam al-Kabeer.* ض: *Zia al-Maqdisi is meant.* حب: *Bayhaqi has taken it in Shu'ab al-Iman. This hadith is present in the aforementioned books and its narrators are Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Hudhaifa, and Abdullah bin Mas'ud (Ridwan Allah Ta'ala Alaihim Ajma'een).*
**Translation:** If Allah Ta'ala punishes the dwellers of His heavens and earth, it will not be injustice from God. And if He has mercy, His mercy is better for them than their deeds. And if you spend gold in the way of Allah equal in weight to Mount Uhud, Allah Ta'ala will not accept it from you until you believe in Taqdeer (destiny). Thus, know that whatever calamity reaches you, it will never miss you (it will surely come), and whatever misses you, it was never going to reach you. And if you die upon a belief other than this, you will surely go to Hell.
O friends! Does Allah Ta'ala create all things blindly? It is never so that He comes to know after creating. Meaning, knowledge precedes power. Therefore, God creates with knowledge.
Have all the things of the world been created? No. Many things are yet to come and be created. The attributes of Allah are of various kinds. For example, Khaliq is the attribute of creating. Rabb meaning the sustainer/nourisher. This is the attribute of nurturing. Similarly, Mumeet is the attribute of causing death. And Muhyi is the attribute of keeping alive. All these Asma-e-Ilahiyyah (Divine Names) desire to manifest their effects upon the creations, and bestow their grace upon them. Allah's Name Hakeem establishes a mutual connection and sequence among them. For example, first He creates the grandfather, then the son, then the grandson. This very sequence is named Taqdeer.
O friends! Just reflect. Whenever you wish to do any work, you draw up its outline. If you want to hold a gathering, you prepare its agenda, its program. Has any gathering ever been held without a program? If it happens, there will be a commotion, disorder, and lack of organization. Instead of recitation, a speech; after the vote of thanks, motions—in short, that gathering will fail. Doing such a thing without a program is a sign of foolishness and ignorance. Thus, it is known that this entire setup of the world is occurring according to a program, and the name of this very thing is Taqdeer, "Mashiyat-e-Ilahi" (Divine Will).